![]() ![]() ![]() The three best-known runic alphabets are the Elder Futhark ( c. Up until the early 20th century, runes were still used in rural Sweden for decorative purposes in Dalarna and on runic calendars. However, the use of runes persisted for specialized purposes beyond this period. Runes were generally replaced by the Latin alphabet as the cultures that had used runes underwent Christianisation, by approximately AD 700 in central Europe and 1100 in northern Europe. The Svingerud Runestone dates from between AD 1 to 250. The earliest secure runic inscriptions date from around AD 150, with a potentially earlier inscription dating to AD 50 and Tacitus's potential description of rune use from around AD 98. Runology forms a specialised branch of Germanic philology. Runology is the academic study of the runic alphabets, runic inscriptions, runestones, and their history. The Anglo-Saxon variant is futhorc, or fuþorc, due to changes in Old English of the sounds represented by the fourth letter, ⟨ᚨ⟩/⟨ᚩ⟩. The Scandinavian variants are also known as fuþark, or futhark, these names derived from the first six letters of the script, ⟨ ᚠ⟩, ⟨ ᚢ⟩, ⟨ ᚦ⟩, ⟨ ᚨ⟩/⟨ ᚬ⟩, ⟨ ᚱ⟩, and ⟨ ᚲ⟩/⟨ ᚴ⟩, corresponding to the Latin letters ⟨f⟩, ⟨u⟩, ⟨þ⟩/⟨th⟩, ⟨a⟩, ⟨r⟩, and ⟨k⟩. Scholars refer to instances of the latter as Begriffsrunen ('concept runes'). In addition to representing a sound value (a phoneme), runes can be used to represent the concepts after which they are named ( ideographs). Runes were used to write Germanic languages (with some exceptions) before they adopted the Latin alphabet, and for specialised purposes thereafter. ![]() 18 CE (derived from Eastern Arabic numerals and Brahmi numerals)Ī rune is a letter in a set of related alphabets known as runic alphabets native to the Germanic peoples. BCEĪdlam (slight influence from Arabic) 1989 CE Caucasian Albanian (origin uncertain) c.Cherokee (syllabary letter forms only) c.From the ancient walls of Pompeii to the streets of modern cities, graffiti has become a powerful visual language and an integral part of urban culture. It has given people a way to express themselves and to make a statement, and it has become an integral part of city life. ![]() Graffiti is an important part of modern cities, and it has had a profound influence on urban culture. Graffiti can also be used as a form of advertising, and many companies have used it to promote their products and services. Cities around the world are now using graffiti to enliven public spaces, to bring attention to social issues, and to create a sense of community. Graffiti has become a powerful symbol of urban life and culture, and it has also become an important part of city planning. In some cities, graffiti has become so popular that there is an entire industry dedicated to its production. Graffiti can be found in public spaces, on buildings, and even on the sides of trains and buses. It is a form of expression and communication that allows people to express themselves and to make their voices heard. Today, graffiti is an integral part of urban life in cities around the globe. What about graffiti alphabet letters today? Want to know more about the history and future of graffiti? As graffiti became more popular, it began to spread to other cities around the world and soon became a global phenomenon. This form of expression was quickly adopted by the youth of the time as a way to express themselves and to make a statement about their dissatisfaction with the established order. During this period, graffiti artists began to cover public surfaces with political and social messages. Graffiti first began as an expression of opposition to the status quo in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It is a form of expression that has been used by artists and activists around the world to express themselves and to make a statement. Graffiti is an art form that has been around for centuries and is now more popular than ever. Need some supplies? Check out our graffiti supplies or graffiti markers and pens page. Have done enough practice with the graffiti alphabet? Check out more than 35 graffiti characters and make them in your own style! The first step is to draw the graffiti alphabet from A through Z with a graffiti marker in your notebook. Whether you want the best graffiti alphabet styles or just want the practice just like the pro’s on the street. Graffiti alphabet letters and styles for you from the best artists on the planet ![]()
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